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Ambient occlusion is a shading technique used in rendering that simulates how light interacts with objects in a scene, especially in relation to their surroundings. It enhances the realism of 3D graphics by providing a more accurate representation of how light is occluded or blocked in certain areas, primarily in corners, crevices, and where objects are in close proximity to each other. This technique works by calculating the amount of ambient light that reaches a point on a surface, taking into consideration nearby geometry which may shield it from light.

By providing this additional depth and realism, ambient occlusion helps create a more visually compelling image by adding subtleties to the shading. In contrast to the other options, which do not encompass the primary function of ambient occlusion, this answer captures its essential role in enhancing light representation in environments, making it fundamental to achieving lifelike renderings in animation and game design.